In the earlier models of planes, the entire control system was set up inside the plane with no connections to the ground. However, with time planes changed, and today we look towards planes that should be able to fly themselves.
Planes can fly themselves. Planes with automation systems that allow the plane to fly on autopilot are seen as independent. However, these planes require a pilot to still be present to monitor the systems and take any necessary action.
This article explores the evolution of planes, their automation, and the risks involved. Please continue reading for more information.
The Evolution Of Planes
Planes were never what we experience today; they have a long-standing history through which they evolved to provide humans with the luxury they enjoy today. Let us journey through history and see how planes were and are today.
Wright Brothers’ Flight
The Wright Brothers are infamously known for inventing airplanes. The first powered flight was achieved in 1903 with the Wright Flyer I, a biplane with a 12-horsepower engine. This began the development of aircraft across the world.
World War I
The need for planes was felt during WWI, and their usage was very high. As a result, innovations and advances took place to help cater to the high demand. The First World War led to the introduction of monoplanes, streamlined fuselages, and better engines.
Commercial Aviation
Soon after advancements in aircraft manufacturing were widely recognized, commercial aviation began in the 1920s with the first passenger services offered by airlines such as Imperial Airways and Pan American Airways.
This opened up the use of airplanes to the general public, creating a higher demand for technologically advanced airplanes.
World War II
Aircraft designs, jet engines, and fighter jets advanced significantly during the Second World War due to the regular use of aircraft in the war.
Supersonic Flight
With further success in aircraft manufacturing, supersonic flights began to be introduced in 1947. By 1969 commercial supersonic flights were also available. Breaking the sound barrier was a huge milestone and indicated the speed of these aircraft.
Computerization And Better Materials
The introduction of computers in the 1970s led to the development of sophisticated flight management systems, automation, and advanced avionics.
Moreover, manufacturing better quality raw materials, which were lightweight, allowing for better fuel efficiency and range for aircraft.
Unmanned Aircraft
The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to new plane applications, including military surveillance, civilian remote sensing, and package delivery. This has also minimized the need for manual work.
Electric And Hybrid Planes
The development of electric and hybrid planes is ongoing, intending to reduce emissions and noise pollution and increase efficiency and sustainability. So far, trials have been carried out, and it is expected that electric or hybrid airplanes will be a common sight within a few decades.
Automation In Planes
Planes are now equipped with systems that allow planes to fly themselves. These systems result from plane automation, which has made the pilots’ jobs easier. The need for multiple systems is seen because flying a plane is a complex task involving several different aviation departments.
Autopilot
The autopilot system fundamentally lets the plane fly itself. A pilot must set a flight plan, after which the system takes over. Several sensors and computer systems are used to control the speed and movement of the aircraft. The end goal is to provide a flight that is as smooth as possible.
To understand how autopilot works, watch this video: How Does Autopilot Work? A Pilot Explains What It Can and Can’t Do | WSJ.
Flight Management Systems (FMS)
To execute a safe flight on autopilot, FMS is needed to help create and execute the flight plan. FMS can optimize fuel usage, calculate flight routes, and provide critical information about weather, navigation, and airport conditions.
Engine and Systems Monitoring
The engine monitoring system monitors engine performance, looks for discrepancies, and reduces the risk of malfunction. These systems also monitor other critical systems, such as fuel, hydraulics, and electrical systems, and can alert pilots to any issues while on autopilot.
Auto Landing
Some planes have automated landing systems allowing them to land safely and accurately without pilot intervention.
Collision Avoidance Systems
The collision avoidance systems are on the lookout for any potential collisions or objects that may come in the way of the plane. These also have the ability to alter routes and take action to prevent collisions from happening.
Why Are Pilots Important?
Despite the automation in planes, the presence of a pilot is mandatory on the airplane. This is to ensure safety and to have a backup if the autopilot system fails. Let us look at why pilots are so integral to planes that can fly themselves.
Decision Making
Unexpected events occur all the time, especially when technology is involved. The presence of a pilot ensures that the risk from these emergencies is mitigated well.
Pilots’ experience, training, and judgment are unmatched by automated systems. Hence, if needed, pilots may take over the system of the plane, control it, and make necessary decisions.
Monitoring Automated Systems
A pilot must be there to keep a check to ensure that automated systems are functioning smoothly. If a system fails or malfunctions, the pilot must be able to take over and make the necessary adjustments.
Interpreting Data
Apart from flying the plane, automated systems also provide rich data and information which determines the proceedings on the flight. A pilot interprets this data and adjusts the systems accordingly by taking appropriate action.
Improving Automated Systems
Pilots are often involved in developing and testing automated systems, providing feedback and suggestions for improving the systems to make them more effective and safer.
Risks Of Automation In Planes
While automation is a huge advent for technology, it comes with its own set of risks. Let us look at these.
Over-reliance – When exposed to so much automation, pilots may begin to lose their skills, lack situational awareness, and have difficulty making decisions due to the over-reliance on automated systems.
Automation bias – Pilots may rely too heavily on it even when the automation systems may not be working properly or providing inaccurate information. This leads to pilots not trusting their experience and qualifications but looking towards automation for answers.
Automation errors – Like any computer system, automated systems can malfunction or produce errors. These errors are not small; they often risk lives and can lead to massive accidents.
System complexity – As aircraft systems become more complex and interconnected, unexpected failures have a greater potential.
Final Thoughts
Like all technology, autopilot plane systems also come with challenges. Technological advancement may not eliminate the need for human intervention and support for the systems to function well.
